10??23è???D?é?3??°áa?¨?±o?±??￠í??-°2?ì￡?2￠?ú??????·￠±í?Y?μ￡?ê￠?Tμ±μ??t??oíè???·ù?ù????μ?ò??ù?￡??D?é?oí?ò?ú?×?Dó?o?μ???·??D￡?12??á???2í￡?Dyà??a°2?ì?￡
?ˉ??￡??ò??ì?D|·?éú￡?ò??D????μ?oüoíD3￡??¨ò?2?oíD3μ??????ò????2??2????·?????ê???óDè??á±í??3?à′μ?￡??aê??t???ò￡??ò???μ?t?íμ?±??ü?￡
??D?é?ê??????ü?ò￡?ò2?éò??μ￡?ê????üáìD??￡è???￡?×D??1?2ì??μ?è?éú?-àú￡????í?á·￠??￡???D?é??úò?éú?D?ù±???óD?-àúê2?′?￡???￡?e??μ????°?a?1￡???D?é???óD?××?áìμ?1yè?o?ò?′??eò?￡???′??eò?￡??a???°′óáìD???éí?ú1úía￡???2y?eò?3é1|oó￡???D?é?ò??a???üμ?1??ü?úóúía??￡?óúê?￡???D???íù??oo￡???D?é??ò°2è?μ?′y?ú1úía￡??±μ?1ú?ú′ó??ò??¨￡????èéú2?Dàè???1ú?￡???′￡???D?é??ú1úíaμ???á|è?o???￡?
1911?ê12??25è?￡???D?é???μ?é?o￡￡??íóD?????ê???a′?′?á??àéù??à′￡???D?é?μ±ê±?μ￡o?°óè2???ò???ò2￡??ù′????????ü????é??ú!?±
?à?′?ìááμ???′e￡???óD???ü?òμ????é￡?è???￡?2￠2??ü?úê????ú1úíaμ?ò??T?ù3é?￡
í??ù?ìááμ???′e￡?ê??ú1911?ê12??21è??￡
μ±è?￡???D?é?óé?·?T·μ1úμ?????￡?oú?￠á?óé1??Y???á????ó-oò?￡oú??óúμ±ê±μ????üD?ê?×?óDò?ì×?′·¨￡?òò′??÷????D?é??èéú2?òa±±é?￡?á??á?÷3?ò??D?￡??μ?àíóéê?￡o
?°μ±?°μ????üD?ê?￡??ú????ì¨ò??T?êìa￡??éê???êà?-?òê????ü×?′ó×èá|?￡??μ??êìa2???ê???±?è??aò??éD?￡??óé????1óD±±?ó?μμ????ò±?á|￡??a???ò±?á|?Tòéμ???ê?μ±?°×??????·á|μ?2??ó￡??ùò???μ?ê?á|?áéù?éò?′?μ???oo￡?é??áot??￡???1?????±±?ó?üà′?μ￡?òò?a?àà?????￡?±T3¤?a?°￡?×??é??ê×?¨á￠ò??§·′??μ????ü2??ó?￡???°ò|óê??ò?×é3é?￠??￡?2?1yè?êy2??à￡?è?óD°??êê±??￡??òá·???ü￡?è?á|à?3?￡??ò??áùíò??±?2???×é3é￡?ò?′?oí??ò??′￡?2?óD±?ꤰ????￡?ùò??èéú???°ò?á??á?aé?2?￡?òò?a???ú?°é?o￡￡?±?±?óμ?a×üí3￡??a??×üí3??óD?ü??μ?±?×?￡?ò??¨êü??óú??￡??????üê?òμê??T21μ??￡?±
oúμ?òa??oü?yè·￡??éê???D?é?è′?üóD×???￡????èéú?μ￡o
?°?????a??ò?￡?2??a???t￡??ò?????ü2?ê?*?á?×à?±?￡?è?1??ò??2??üμ???ò?o?￡?éíè??￠?¨￡????′è????ù??í?óú???ü??ê?μ?ê?ê2?′??￡??ò??è?1??üò?oí??ê????üè?1|￡??òê??aêà?????üμ??èoó￡?o?±??è?ú?ò??á·±??￡???°μ?D?ê?ê??±Dèòaò??????ü?t??ò?×êo??ù￡?è??ü?¨á￠ò????t??￡??ò?ú??±?è????2￡???êà?-ò22??é?ü?1?ü?￡?ò??ê????üí???￡?ó|??ê?è?ò?3?￡?D?è?±eè?￡?2?ò??è?¤·à??è?2?·t￡???ò?òa?±ò???á|è?ìì???￡?±
?ò?′μ?òtáúé?μ??鱨ê±￡?2?óé?ú??ò?±?????í?ò?íò2??2￡???D?é?ò2?éò??ú1????ì?Yí￡á?￡?°2??o?è??±×é?ˉ?üê??μá·￡?ò?±?íòò??￡?ò??òaμ?′§2a￡???êμ?úê??è2??°′yá?????oóà′￡??úè?òaó?í??ù??D??a×üàí￡????μê2?′ò22?í?òa￡??á3?×üí3???￡μè??êà?-×÷×üí3ê±￡??a???èéúó?á￠?′3é?a?ú?ó??μ??è·?á??￡
óDò???è?￡???μ???′?×üê???éD?T±è?￡è???￡?×÷?aò????t??è???￡??òò??ò2?μ?ò???òa′§2a￡??′μ??a?ùμ?è?￡??ò×ü??????×??oμ???°ü?￡?ò?úoóêà???′1yò??a????￡?àúêyá???D?é?òaí???êeμ???????1úì???￡?2￠2?é?D??￡??à′ò?oó￡??ü??μ??T?ü?￡êà??é???óD°×3?μ???2í￡??D1ú?￥è??á′?￡???óDo?′|￡?±e1ú?á??°×?T1ê°??ú?D1ú￡??÷??2??é?ü￡??ùò?￡???êà?-??1ú￡???ò2??1ú￡??ò?úò2??1ú?￡2?1y￡?′ó?ò??1úμ??á1??é2?ò??ù￡???á???′ó??2??aμàòa?é3?D?D?·￠?1￡???á???′ó??￡???????á??￡
è???￡????ú??oü′ó￡????è??D?￡???éú??ìó?÷′ü?￡??μ??ú??′óμ?ê2?′3ì?è￡?ìú?·ò??a?ú￡??íê??tê?íò1?à??￡?aê???ê2?′????￡??ú?????ê2??tê?è?￡?ò2?íò?òúé?óà￡??tê?íò1?à?ìú?·?ì??μ±?úò?°ù??ê?òú?aò?é?￡?Dèòa????ò?°ù?êμ?è?2?1ú?ò2??tê?è??￡o??óóDμ?3é?ó￡??ò?????μ·¨￡??D1ú?á2005?ê?êμ×μ?ìú?·×üà?3ì￡???óD????μ?7.5íò1?à??￡
ìy????￡???1???DD￡??ò2??2????D?é??￡
??D?é?ò22??2???ò?￡?aò2DíóDDí?à?-òò￡?°2??óD??￡?è′2??§3?????￡?2??§3????ü￡?2????????3è??¨￡???ê??÷òò￡????ò￡????ú?à1ú3?????ê???1é￡???°￠í￥D??D2??ú￡????ò?á?Y?°?ú￡?ò2ê?óDμ??￡
?aD??-òò￡??ò?éò?àí?a￡??éê?￡??ò?§Dáíò?àμ??òà′μ???￡???ê2?′òa?¨?ú??D??ò??°???μ?ê??éé?￡??ò×?è?2??á??￡?ò?μ??ùò22????￡
×÷?a?°?′à′è??±￡??òê?·??÷è·???ü?ú?′à′μ?×÷ó??￡?ùò?￡??ú??1ú?a?ê￡??ò×é?¨á?ò??§D?D?μ????ü￡?óμóD?tê??ü·?è??????-·é?ú1???3?2úμ???òí??·é?ú￡???ê???·éDD?±oíò?°ù?àè?μ????¤?¨?ú?ó?é?￡???°￡????üμ??÷òaè???￡??íê??ì2ìoí′?μY???￠?￡?òoí°￠í￥?μ?e1y￡??a°ìò??ò·éDDóêμY??ê?1????￡°￠í§oü?DD?è¤￡?μ???μ????°?12?o?êê￡???óa3é±?ì???￡?2??á?????￡
?èè??μá?·é?ú1???￡??í2??ü2?ìáμ?·?è??￡?aêà???1ê?óDìì2?′??úμ?￡?°￠í￥????á?Dí?àè?￡?ó?óD3?×?μ?×ê?e￡???á?o?3¤ê±??￡??é???ìμ?·é?ú￡???2?è?·?è??ú???aóD?Tμ?ì??t??×??oéè??μ??￡°￠í￥?ì??á|?￡í??ü????·?è??óè?1???￡?Dí?μìá1?3?×?μ?×ê?e?￡òò?a￡?°￠í￥?ú?à?a?aè?×?á?Dí?àê??é￡??ú?aè?è|?DoüóDéùí??￡??′???á÷￡?·?è?×????1ê?′eó|á??￡??è?·?è?ò2????1ú￡?μ?°￠í￥μ??°′ò?ˉá????????°??μ??D??oüóD???μ￡?1ú?ò×üóDò?ììê?òaó?μ?μ?￡???2??ü?ú?aà?à?·?ê±???±?￡í?ê±￡?°￠í￥ò2ìáá???òa?ó￡o·?è?2??ü??DDê?·éoí·éDD±í?Y????á?????óDoü′óμ??￡??￡?ó?′eó|ìá1?·éDD?±￡?·?è?????′eó|á??￡
???ü?yê?3éá￠￡?ê??ú11??￡???ê±oò￡??ò?y?ú??±à?ü?ó?￡°2??1ú·à?ü???ú×üè?êy3?1yê???íò￡?ê?1ù??ê??μá·á?ò??êò?é?￡?2￠?-1yá?èy????~°??êμ?ê?1ù?μá·￡??ü1ù???yê?μ??§?°1y???ü￡??àê??-à′D??üè??±￡??????ü1ù?1òaíê3éì?ì-?ê×???50%?a?ú°??êμ????ó?μá·°à?￡ê?±????D￡?ê?íòê??-1yê?????ò?é??μá·óD??μ??yê?1ù±??￡???ü￡?ò?°?ê????êò?à′·tò?μ?D?±?￡?áíò?°?ê??ú?????Dê?μ??÷ê?ê?±??￡?a??éù?é?μD?3é￡??òóDòaê?μ???ê?±???1á′òé￠±à3é￡?éyè???3¤μ?￡?2???òa??è?ê?1ù?§D￡?§?°￡??1?á±?·???μ????ü2??ó????ò2?íê??μ￡?2??á·????-2??ó????éyóa3¤?￠í?3¤ò2ê?ò??ù′|àí￡???ê??§D￡ê??ü1ù?§D￡?￡
?aá?±￡?ü￡??ò2?????2??ó?μá·ê?·?????￡?2??óμ?·a±?D?ò2oü??￡?í?ê±?T????íaí¨D?￡?ò??DD??t??òa?-1y?????ì2é￡?2??ü·￠3?è￥?￡í?ê±￡??÷2??óμ?è??±?à￡?·?o?D?￡?2￠óD2?·?2??ó·?o???μt￡?ò?±üè??ú???￡í?ê±￡???ía·￠3?×??à???üμ?D??￠￡?ò?±￡ê????ü?￡
?ò??è?oü??êó±￡?ü1¤×÷￡?μ??òò2?aμà￡?ò?°2??μ??é??￡???òaíêè?μ?±￡?ü￡??ù±?é?￡?ê?2??é?üμ??￡?ùò?￡?à?ó??÷??°ì·¨￡?à′?úê????-ía??￡?ê??ò?¨ò?μ??????￡???ú?í°°é?μ??D???D￡???±±·????ú°μμ?à??éè??ìè??ò?ü?????aê??ò?aμàê???óD°ì·¨±ü?a￡???ê?è?íμíμ?àêó￡?o?ò?í?′ò???￡×ü??￡?àà???a?ùμ????ü???ù￡?ê????Tè??T???￡
??óú?ò?ú?í°°é?μ??D??DD?a￡???D??é??D￠×??°à′?1òé￡??òoá2?àí?á￡??òê??ú°2??ê??ú?D±?￡?ó???óDê2?′1??μ￡?×??oá?2?×?ê?±?￡?ò2o?òa???a?ú?￡??D￠×?oí?òò2è?ê?￡???ê?2?ì?êì￡?±??1??ê?è?±???ê??°oó??±?òμμ??￡ìy?ò?a?′?μ￡???D￠×?ò22?éú??￡?è′ê?ò?á3μ??àD|?￡?òò??′?í?a￡?á??|?μ￡??°±e?ú?ò?D??￡???ó?￡??±￡?2?àí?á??D￠×?￡??ò?ó×??μ￡??°ot±±1a?′￡?μ?μ?×ê?e4000íò￡?°2??ê?±è????￡???óD2200íò￡?í????áò?á?1a?′é?o￡?￠????￡???ê???μ?á÷óíμ?μ?·?￡????′ò22??áéù1y2000íò?￡?a??????à?è￥á?￡??±
?ò3°D|μ??′?′??D￠×?￡??°èó??￡????ü?μ???e￡???á?í????áê?à?á÷1y?àéù????2??aμà°é￡??±?òoá2??í??μ??μ￡??°????????????ì￡￡?°2??μ???ò?·?????òaó??ú?yμ?·??￡?±
?????y1?μ?2??????èoí??à÷μ??à?????è￡?ò??±ê?°2??μ?ì?é??￡ò?óDì°??￡?êy??D?μ?￡?í??a￡??aóú?e??￡???è?μμ°?￡?èy?ê2?μ?éy?°￡?êy??3?1y100?2μ?2???òaí??a?a?°￡?????μ?￡??1òa×·??Dìê??eè??￡μ????ú?a?1￡?°2????′|àí273??1????±á?￡?117è?±??a?°?￡?ùò?￡??ò?a?′?μ￡???D￠×?ò2?T·¨·′2μ?￡
???ê￡?°2??í3???????á???ê????DDéó??￡?è?1?óD?T·¨?aêíμ??é??￡??í?á±?×a??￡?óμóD?àá￠μ÷2éè¨μ??ú11?￡è?￡??-??·?×?μ÷2é??￡?ì°??êü??μ÷2é??￡??àá￠?ì2ì1ù°ì1?êò￡?ò??°·¨?o￡?òé?á￡?μèμè￡???ê??éò???ì°??êü??μè?1?aμ÷2éμ??ú11￡?ò?×?′ó?T?èμ???éù′?ààê??tμ?·￠éú?￡òò?a￡?í?ê±?á×a???????ú11￡?ê??é?íoü???ú??á??￡?ù?μ￡?′?àà?ú11???￠à′?′oü?à￡?ò2?á?÷?ˉμ÷2éóD?óòé???￡è?￡?ì°??êü??μ??é??ê???′??ú￡?ò?é?????2??????ê??Dèòa2éêμ′|àí??°ù?eóD1?°??t?￡