?′×????°μ??e??é3ì2?μà?o￡??￡??òò?ê±í·??????￡?????·|á|￡?ò?ò?ó?×1￡???ó???μ1?￡óDè?ó?á|μ?ò????ò￡?′óéù?D?ò￡o?°??￡???￡??aê????ù￡??ò???ú??à?￡??±￡??ò×aí·ò??′￡??yê??ò?×°?μ?μüμü?-?yí￥?￡?×?°?μ￡??￠?à2?μ1?ü￡?o???ê??ú?òμüμü???°?￡?ò′óD|á?éù￡?*￡?éùò?óDμ??ù?é?￡?ò?è??ò???￡?′óéù?μ￡o?°??ê?￡???ò?ê±êèo?￡????ú???μ?￡???ú￡??ò′?????μ?á?1yè￥?￡?′??ìì???à?′à?￡??????à?′D??ê￡?éú???à?′?ào?￡??íòμ?ú?á?ò?±?T?T°?￡??ò?á′????¨á￠D??D1ú￡?í3ò?è?êà??￡?±??òíaì????￡ê2?′???ó1í×ó?￠?÷?ó1í×óμ?￡?ò??é?eμ?￡??òμ??÷í?ê?D?3?′óo￡￡??-?-?±￡??ò?yòaYYò?í3èy??￡?è?oó?ò?éμ?·¨?è′óé?·￠?e1￥?÷ê±￡?°￠í￥′ò??á??ò￡o?°?D?aè???12oí1ú???1ò???ìa2?×÷?·￡o
ò?￡?è?o??èD′??×óμ?ìa2??￡
?-?-?±
?ò?′μ?°￠í￥???ù???′á??y3￡￡?μ÷ù??ò￡?2?óéD|á?￡??aD?×ó?￡
?òμà￡o?°??o?°é￡??ò????D??aê?￡??ò??μ?á?ò?????DDêà??￡??-?-?￡·′?y￡?2?1üμ????ù￡??ò??D?μü?úò??e￡??í??ê2?′?é??μ?￡??àD??ò￡??±￡??òéì3?ê??￡
°￠í￥μ?μ?í·￡??á?÷á?????￡??μ￡o?°μ±è??￡?±
????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?ò?D?-?y3ˉ￡????ê24?ê￡?±?òμóú±±???3′ó?§?ˉ1¤?μ￡?רòμê??????ˉ1¤￡?ò2DT1y??ò?רòμ????μ?óéóú?????-òò￡???óDí¨1y?￡???°￡??úò??òè?×ê?ˉ×±?·1???×÷?úê?1¤×÷?￡è?×ê1???μ?′yó?±è??o?￡?ó?oü×￠???à?μ?￡?ùò?￡???1ü?òò??°??μàè?±?±??′3??a??ùá?ˉ￡?ò22?μ?2??òéú??μíí·?￡2?1y￡??úè?×ê1???￡??aè?oü??×?μ???2?￡??ó???üà′è?±?μ?ì?D?￡?óúê?￡??í′?á??°?￡???°￡??yoíμüμü°￠í￥ò??e×?±?òμ??DD?????ì×￡?????D±?òμ?￡μüμü?D?-?yí￥￡?oí?òo??úò??e￡??íê??-?òμ?3ˉí￠?￡?????×áù?ê?°òò??í¨ê?1êè￥êàá?￡?á???μ??§D??eê2?′μ?￡???íê·?′?oó￡??íê￡óà2??àá??￡?a???ê￡??ò??·?éè·¨????￡?á??????óó??????ìé?￡?·?3￡Dá?à￡?ò2oü?ìà??￡°￠í￥????ê?￡?3yá??ú?ò?Dì??μ￡o?°?òò?°?êoò?°??ò￡?°???à-3?′ó?￡?±μ?ê±oò￡?ò??¨?á×￥??￡????ü·?????oüè??ò?úòa?￡ó?è???íùê±￡???DDμ?ì?￡?2?±°2??o￡?óè??è??òμ?òa￡?2?í÷?ò??′??à?μoó￡?????×????′?°ò?′??￡ò?ò????¨?í?ù3????2ê|μ???1aà′?′￡?°￠í￥á?′ó2?·??à?μá??￡
????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?ò2???3t???′?áà′μ??aà?￡?μ???2???òa￡??ò???úòa????3tμ?ê??????ò???ú??à?￡?
?òoí°￠í￥?úò???é3?Té?￡?à?o￡ì22????￡?ò??í?á???×óoí?¤D?￡??????ù?e￡?3?×??1????3±￡?ì?1y???￥é?μ?o￡??￡?à′μ?o￡ì2é??￡
ê??éoü?ì??3tá?￡??ò???ú??3ˉoó?úμ?é?o￡???ü?￡òò?a?ò?′μ?á??·è???oóμ?±è×óoío￡é?1ò×??××??ìμ??ü?￠￡?ìyμ????úê??°°￠à-?±?￠?°°￠à-?±μ??°ó?￡????ò￡???2?ê?2??°￡?2?ê??ú??μ?ó°?￡í?×?á?à?μ?ía°?????μ?·?×ó￡??ò??μ??????Dμ?????o?á????ù???μ￡?òa2?￡??ò???′?á′-2?1y??à′￡??òìáòéDY?￠ò??á?ù?￡
°￠í§μ?D?°×á3ò?μ??ù?aé?ò2??óD￡?è′?1ê?°2???ò￡??°??ê?￡???????á??úò??e￡????ù??ò??ù?￡?±
?ò????3?°￠í￥D|D|￡?ê?oó￡?°￠í￥?μ????±è?T?????′?￡Daá?á?·??ó￡??ò?aê??ì??éíé?óDê2?′???÷?￡??2?ê?íò?üμ?￡???óD??ê?íòíò2??üμ??￡?ò??á?????·??ó￡??í?′??μüμü?ú???ù·-?μ?￡?í?ê￡o?°???′￡??±
°￠í￥?μ￡o?°?′?′óDê2?′?ü????μ??￡?±
*￡??-?-
?òò?°úê?￡???éíé??üóDê2?′?μ??μ?￡??ò?￡á???D?×ó￡?ó?±í?é×ó??????￡??μ￡o?°èeê?Blancpain±í￡?à?±|êˉ±í??￡?óà2??￥?e￡?2??e±í??￡?·à??·à?e￡??éò?é?è?????30?×￡?3?±??úDμ?úD?o??è￡?×?′?íò?êàú￡???·tèò?ê?ó2?￡??TDèê?μ÷￡?ê?±íé?????ó????????àóˉ?÷￡?×?è·3ê????ò?ìì???à±??ˉμ?×?D?×?±????à±í￡?3é1|μ???μ?D??üá|±￡?¤??ê±??è·￡?êà??é???ò???óD8ìì?ˉá|′￠′?×°??μ?ê?±í?￡?±
?°??ê???μ?±?òμà????￡?±
?°??ê?￡???ê??é?ù???￡?ù?μ￡??ò????ê?μ?μ±￡??áêê??à′μ??￡?±
μüμü3á??á?ò????￡??±í?-à′?é?ü2???ê2?′￡????ú￡???ê?????á???μ??¨ò????·á??￡
?°???òμ?±í°é￡??±
?°?1?μ!??ò????ù?μ?°￡????ò?a??2?á?è?o??êìa?￡?±￡??ò?á?áμ??e±?μüμü￡??°±|?ê±íò??òê?ê?1¤?úDμ±í￡??????§ê?êˉó￠±í￡???2?3?????μ?????ê?ò?μà?í?aμà·Yá?2????￡???′￡??aà?±|êˉ±í????è?ê?è??ìμ?￡???o??e±í??ò22?ê?2??e￡?1.8oá?×μ??úD?o??èè?è?ò??′?í?aμàóD?êìa￡???óD5ììμ??ˉá|′￠′??￡μ?ê?￡???ê??μ?ú?-à′￡????ú?ù±???óDè??ü·?±?3?à′￡??úê???êà?í￡?1a?aê?±íμ?éè??￡??í?μ??á?￡??±
?-?-
±?í·1??í3?á??|oíμ?μ±μ?′ó??￡??òμ??ü??í|μ?±ê?±?￡ê?à?óD??￡?D?à?2????￡?òoíμüμü?ú?·???òá???2è?￥￡?òaá?o?2èoí??·Y?ùμ?D?￡?ó???á?ê???????￡??ü?üì?è￥?òá???·Yμ±ììμ?D??????￡oü?ì￡??üì?μ??í??à′èy·Y±¨??oí??????￡??òò??′￡??-à′ê???é걨?·?￠??D???±¨?·oí??×?á??|±¨?·?￡?ò????éí????￡?±?ó?μüμüò?±?3?￡?ò?±??′?eá?±¨???￡
ê×?è￡??′è??ú￡??÷?a1895?ê4??28è?￡?1aD÷?tê?ò??ê4??5è??￡??é걨?·?yéù???μóD?aáìμ?μ??°1?3μé?êé?±￡?′y?ò?áμ??°?ò?y?é??￡????ò??2??é??￡??ò1ù?éí?￡????ò??2??éí??￡??′????????ò??ò?μ¨￡?ò??????ê￡???3?1áè???￡?°§í′ó-ììμ??￡?-?-?±￡?è′ìyμ??°???±μ?ò?éù′ó?ì?￡ì§í·ò??′￡??-à′ê?°￠í|?￡??????·?·?è?￡?2aè?×÷é?￡?é?é??DòtóDò???????￡???±?ò2ê??′μ?′?ê?￡???á?×à×ó?￡?′μ?ó￠**?￠￡??ò?í???aê±′úò?óD?ù×?±?￡??ó??￡??à?ê1¤×÷àúá·￡??ò?13áμ?×????￡?òμéá?°￠í￥ò???￡??ò′?1yà′μ??üì?ó?òaá?o???·Yμ?D?￡??aé?o￡μ?μ?D?ò2ì?????á?￡????ú?í3???á??￡
???ùμ?ì?±￥??×ó￡??ò??à??a2è?￥￡?ò??·?òíaì2?t2???DD?￡í??D￡?°￠í￥???????í1?ì????·μèê??t·￠±íò????′·¨￡?±??ò???1á??￡?ò?yo??′μ?óDò???é?1??￡2?D?￡??????°′ó?D?±￡?±?à-×?°￠í￥??á?á???·??￡μ1ò22?1ó￡???ìì??????òa200???￡
μúò?′?×????Dê???μê￡??òoí°￠í￥??óD??·?D????￡è?????è￥′ò??￡??òoí°￠í￥?ú?Yà?Dàéíò????Dê??ò?ó￡?ò2??ê??a?a????á??￡′ò·￠á?′ò??μ?????￡??òoí°￠í￥êá?′1yoó￡?±?ìé?ú?ò·???μ??Dê?′ó′2é??Dá?￡?°￠í￥±??ê?e?ò?è?°μ?DD?a?￡?ò2?óéD|á?￡???μà￡o?°???úê?ê2?′ê±oò￡????úê?1aD÷?tê?ò??ê￡??÷?a1895?ê￡?′ó??μ?ìì??￡???ê?ê2?′éí·Y￡?à′àú2??÷￡??í????ê??à1ú1é1ú?a?è￡??????a·¨°??·?aμà2?￡???2?ê??à1ú1???￡?2??íóD?à1úμ?±￡?¤￡?ò?oóμ?ê??é￡??òò??-óDá?3?2?μ?′ò??￡???ê?μ?×?è?μ?ê?￡?ò??á??à′￡??ùoí?????μ?￡??1?3μé?êé?ˉμ??á1?￡???ó|????3t?￡???μóD?a?￠áo??3??￠ì·??í?￡??1??ê?óDéí·Y￡?óDμ???μ?￡??ò???ü±è?e￡?????????ê2?′??3?￡??ò??ê?òa×?D?ê?μ?￡??ùò?￡??üòaD?D??÷é÷￡??à?′￡??àìy￡?éù?μ?°?￡·??ò￡????°ê±￡????′?àμ???2??aμà?￡ííé??ù?μ￡??ò???èè￥íaì2?￡?±
è￥íaì2ê??aá?′???￡??a?′ò?′ó±ê???é2??ü·??úéíé?￡?òaê?óDê2?′éáê§￡??ò?é??óDμú?t?é±íá??￡
íaì2ê?é?o￡μ??eèú??￡?o?3???·?μ??°?a?????±?￡?òoí°￠í￥′óí·1?μ??2￡?°￠í￥?′?òó?òaíù??1?￡?á??|?Dí￡?￡′ó??é?ò??±×?μ????ú￡??D??±￥êü?a??￡?ò2?????′DY?￠￡?°￠í￥?éà??μá??￡?ò?aêí?μ￡??ú?ò?¨?ìò?DD￡??é???òμ?￡???á?1?á?￡????′?á??óD??￡?°￠í§óD???Tá|μ??μ￡o?°ìì?aμà￡??é?ü?1???a°é?￡?±?￡?aμ1ê?oü?é?ü￡??à1ú?￡?eà′ê??úêà??′ó??ò?oó?￡?òó?á|μ???á???ò???￡?è?????é?μ??ù￡??ò?μ￡o?°°￠í￥￡?ê?ò??á′?￡??ò??ò2??óD????óàμ?￡???è￥?ù±????é?ü￡??áéù??óDìy?μ1y￡???òaò?oó??μ?o?￡????????′ò2μ?×?μ??ùê2?′?￡??ò23¤′óá?￡?ò2Dí1y2?á??à??￡????íòa?àμ±ò????￡?1ê??????°￡??à?′￡??àìy￡??à??￡?éù?μ?°￡?óDê2?′2???μ?￡?????à??ê?ò?￡?±￡?°￠í￥è?óD?ù??μ?μ?μ?í·?￡
??óD?¨?ìò?DD￡??ò??o?????á?μ??aò?DD????íaì214o??￡????μ??aò?DDμ??÷òa?-òò￡?ê?μ?1ú?ú?·?T′|óúè?ê?￡????D1ú?à??ó?o??￡?ò?ò?ú′ó?§?÷DTμ?ó?￡??¨DTè?ó?oí?àê?ó￠ó??￡?ò????á÷à?μ?μ?ó?×ü±è?àê?ó￠ó??üèYò×±?è??óêü￡????òè?oó?òó?μ?1úè?òa′ò??μà￡???μ?±?ò??á?ü?àò?D??ù?￡1?è?2?3??ùá?￡?á÷à?μ?μ?ó?ê1?òêüμ?á?á?o?μ??ó′y￡?2￠?áê?á??¨??????·ò?ü??oú?????￡ìyμ??a????×?￡??ò2?óé?êμà￡o?°oú????￡???°???????ítá????￥à?μ?à??￡??oú????￡??±￡??¨??ò?ò?í·￡?????ê?D?oú????￡?μ???oü?a???ò?1?aμàoú?????￡óúê?￡??ò??á?á?????oú?????§?é?￡?ò???ì??￡???à??ü?òμ????￠?μμè?÷??￡??¨?????÷á?°?ìì￡????òí???á?μ?1úéìè?°2μ?áò???1??à3?ü?￡
?°3yá???￡?±eè???à???2?±￡￡?°2μ?áò???1ó|??óD￡??±
°2μ?áò???1??à3?üê?à′?aμ?μ?1úéìè?￡??aá??òéìDD￡?ê2?′????￡?μ??÷òμê?è?á?éúòa￡??é?üóD???????￠?μ×?ó??￡
óúê?￡??ò?íè￥á?μ?òa???óDD?￡°2μ?áò???1??à3?üê???±ê×?μ?μ?1ú′óoo￡?ó??¨??íêè?2?í??￡???aà?óD?tì×???￠?μ￡??ò?′á?ò????￡′ó??ê????μ15±?￡????μ10±?￡??ò??μ11yà′￡?·′?y￡?×?′ó·?′ó150±??￡?òê?á?ê?￡???á???D?μ?????￡?3400?í???￡ê?±íòò?aμ±á??t?§??°ùá?°×ò?￡?μ±?úò??ê￡?à??￠?t·??￡°×ò?￡o?í?????a1á?￡o4.1?í??￡??ò?ò??á??§á?°×ò?￡?ê?è?á?2?·?ê?D?·?oó￡??òμ?μ?8200?à?í??￡??aò????íè￥á?èy·???ò??￡2?1y￡????????ú?μ???1??ê?ê?1¤???ì￡?oóà′μ?6~8±??é×??μ???￥ò?í|?ú?1￡??ò?í?a×?á??￡?μμ?μ×￡??ò?ü?úé?o￡?òμ????￠?μ￡??íó|??íμD|á?￡??1óDê2?′2??úòaμ?￡?￡?
?òoí°￠í￥×?3μ??μ?′ó?D??é?￡????ú×?3?á?íí·1￡?ò?ê??￡±12??°?￡?y???í′??ˉè￥￡?è′±?°￠í￥?òé???à′?￡?ò?a??±?D?￡?è?2?????￡?±?2??á°?DY?￡?T??????￡????ü′òμ???é??￡????ó????μ?÷￡?è?′?è?′?￡??a°??a°??￡
ò?·???ó??μ±?￡?°￠í￥óé??μ??Tì?μà￡o?°??￡????é??oú??￡??±￡??ì??ó?μà￡o?°??ê?ìêμ???é?ì??è￡??±?￡?ò?Tá|ó???·??μ￡???μà￡o?°è??Toá2?2???￡??í?Tò12Y2?·ê?￡òaDD′óê?￡????ü2??°·???￡??±￡?í￡á?ò???￡?ó??μ￡o?°′?oó￡????òD?μü?tè??íòa?÷??ò?·?￡???òa3??ò???úò??eê±￡??à?§?à?′?à?ê￡???à′￡??é?íòa*???ú?òò?±???á|á??￡?±
è?oó￡??òìéμ1±??ˉ?￡D?à′ê±￡?ò?ê?è?é?èy???￡?ò?ˉμ?ê?è?ê?2??a￡?D?à′è′??éíì?2?êê￡?×D??ò??′￡??-à′￡?°￠í§??óD??·?￡?oí?ò?·á?ò?íí?￡?ò?eéíêá?′￡?óDè?μê???òD???μ?￡?·?°?°￠í￥?D?eà′?￡
3?1y??2í￡??òoí°￠í￥±?°′éìòéo?μ?°ì·¨￡?ò?ì?D?μü?à3?￡??òè??ù???-?a3?￡?°￠í￥è??ù???-??í￥?￡?ò???aê??°?òo?êêμ?·??Yó????￡oü?ì±??úà?×a??2???μ?Dì?ò??￡??òá??§?o×ó?￡???o×ó???y2?D?￡??òá?′ó?Yò?12?¨á??t°ù??ê?á?°×ò?￡?ó??¨á?°ùê?á?￡???è????¨á?ò????￡è?oó￡??íê??òD??ù′ó?×?￠?ˉ???￠?oì??￠???è??μè?ó???ó°?μ????÷?￡